Effectiveness of follow up-letters to health care providers in triggering follow-up for women with abnormal results on Papanicolaou testing.

On average, 24% of women with a cervical abnormality detected by a cervical smear test (Papanicolaou or Pap test) do not receive any follow-up. Without follow-up, the cervical abnormality may go unnoticed and progress. Recall letters sent by a cytology registry to the health care provider and the woman can, in 18% to 24% of such instances, trigger a follow-up encounter. For Pap tests analyzed by the laboratory of the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary, a follow-up reminder program identifies all routine tests resulting in diagnosis of an abnormality, as well as technically unsatisfactory and limited normal tests. If laboratory records indicate that the woman has not returned for repeat Pap testing or tissue sampling as recommended by the pathologist, the laboratory information system sends a letter to the health care provider who requested the test, seeking information about the recommended follow-up. No follow-up procedure was registered in the laboratory information system for 1500 (approximately 10%) of the routine Pap tests conducted between Jan. 1 and June 30, 1997. A reminder letter was sent to the provider in all of these cases. The 991 replies (66.1% response rate) indicated that for 238 (24.0%) of the women, the recommended follow-up was in fact complete or scheduled (Table 1). Noncompliance with the pathologist’s recommendation related mostly to the provider being unable to contact the women (199 women [20.1%]) or the women not keeping booked appointments (154 women [15.5%]). The letters triggered follow-up for 104 (10.5%) of the women. The overall cost to the laboratory was $0.80 for each letter and $11.59 for each follow-up encounter triggered by the letter. The recall letter was probably inappropriate for the 103 women (10.4%) for whom the management recommendation was not followed (either because the women refused the recommendation or for some other reason) (Table 1). However, short of the provider informing the laboratory of such instances, generation of the letter cannot be prevented in these cases. These situations undermine the overall effectiveness of the follow-up letter program, and the superfluous letters inconvenience health care providers. The reported loss to follow-up was 35.6% (total of 353 women), which is higher than the reported average of 29% but falls within the reported range of 13% to 42%. How-